Aya Sofya Müzesi
I. Kilise İmparator
Constantinos 'un (324–337) oğlu imparator Constantios (337–361) tarafından 360
yılında yaptırılmıştır. Bu kilise bazilikal planlı ve ahşap çatılıdır. Kilise
404 yılında İmparator Arcadios'a karşı, çıkan halk ayaklanmasında kısmen
yakılmış ve harap olmuştur.
II. Kilise İmparator II.
Theodosios (408–450) tarafından Mimar Ruffinos 'a 415 yılında inşaa
ettirilmiştir. Bu yapı da yine bazilikal planlı, ahşap çatılı, 5 nefli ve 3
kapılı anıtsal girişli bir yapıdır. II. Ayasofya da İmparator Iustinianos (
527–565) aleyhine 532 yılında başlayan ve tarihte Nika ayaklanması olarak
adlandırılan isyan sonucunda yanmış ve yıkılmıştır.
Bugünkü Ayasofya
İmparator Iustinianos tarafından dönemin iki önemli mimarı olan Miletos'lu
(Milet) Isidoros ile Tralles'li (Aydın) Anthemios 'a yaptırılmıştır. Binanın
yapımına 23 Şubat 532 tarihinde başlanmış,1000 usta ve 10.000 işçi ile 5 yılda
tamamlanmış, 27 Aralık 537 yılında ibadete açılmıştır.
Ayasofya'da VI. yüzyılda
yapılan orjinal tavan mozaiklerinin bitkisel ve geometrik motifli olanları
günümüze kadar ulaşmış, ancak tasvirli mozaikler ikonaklazma akımının
bitiminden sonra yapılmıştır.
Ayasofya Fatih Sultan
Mehmet tarafından İstanbul'un 1453 yılında fethi ile birlikte camiye çevrilmiş,
çeşitli tarihi belgelerde harap durumda olduğu belirtilen yapı İstanbul'un
fethinden sonra hiçbir tahribata uğratılmadığı gibi, yapılan güçlendirme ve
onarımlarla günümüze kadar en iyi şekilde korunmuştur. Ayrıca Osmanlı mimari
unsurları ile yapılan ilave ve eklerle de kutsal bir mekân ve ibadethane olarak
varlığını sürdürmüştür.
Yapının içine XVI. ve
XVII. yüzyıllarda minber, mihrap, vaaz kürsüleri, ahşap korkuluklar ilave
edilmiştir. Sultan I.Mahmut döneminde kütüphane yaptırılmıştır. Burada yer alan
çiniler XVI. yüzyılın seçkin örneklerindendir.
Farklı dönemlerde
minareler, Ayasofya avlusu içerisinde I. Mahmut tarafından şadırvan ve Sıbyan
mektebi ve Sultan Abdülmecit döneminde muvakkithane yaptırılmıştır.
Ayasofya'nın güney avlusunda III. Murat türbesi, Sultan III. Mehmet türbesi,
Sultan II. Selim Türbesi, Şehzadeler Türbesi inşaa edilmiştir. Bizans döneminde
Vaftizhane olan yapı ise Sultan I. Mustafa ve Sultan İbrahim türbesi haline
getirilmiştir. Fatih Sultan Mehmet'in Ayasofya'yı camiye çevirdikten sonra
kuzey tarafına bir medrese inşa ettirdiği bilinmektedir.
Ayasofya 24 Kasım 1934'
te Mustafa Kemal Atatürk'ün önerisi ve Bakanlar Kurulu kararı ile müzeye
dönüştürülerek 1 Şubat 1935' te ziyarete açılmıştır.
Hagia Sophia Museum
The first church was built by the Emperor
Constantius II (337-361), son of Emperor Constantine I (324-337), in 360. This
church was constructed as a basilica with a wooden roof. In 404, during the
riots against Emperor Arcadius, it was partially burned and destroyed.
The second church was ordered by Emperor Theodosius II
(408-450) and built by architect Ruffinos in 415. This church is also constructed
as a basilica with a wooden roof, 5 naves, 3 gates and a monumental entrance.
The second Hagia Sophia was burned down in 532, during the riots called Nika
Revolt against Emperor Justinian I (527-565).
The current Hagia Sophia was built by the two then
prominent architects, Isidore of Miletus (Milet) and Anthemius of Tralles
(Aydın), by the order of Emperor Justinian I. The construction that lasted 5
years long began on February 23, 532, 1000 masters and 10,000 workers were
employed and the church was inaugurated on December 27, 537.
The ceiling mosaics decorated with floral and geometric
motifs are the original ones made in the 6th century, but other mosaics with
depictions were made after the ending of the iconoclast movement.
After the conquest of İstanbul in 1453 by Sultan Mehmed
II the Conqueror (Fatih), Hagia Sophia was converted into a mosque. According
to some historical documents, the church was in ruins. However, after the
conquest, not only it has not been destroyed, but it has also been preserved in
the best manner since the present day, thanks to strengthening and renovation
works. Furthermore, with the addition of structures in Ottoman style, the
building continued to be a sacred space and a place for worship.
In the 16th and 17th centuries, the minbar, the mihrab,
daises for sermon and wood balusters were added to the interior. During the
reign of Sultan Mahmud I, a library was built. The tiles here are among the
distinguished examples dating from the 16th century.
Minarets were erected in different periods, Sultan Mahmud
I built a fountain for religious ablutions (şadırvan) and a primary school in
the courtyard of Hagia Sophia, and a timekeeper's building (muvakkithane) was
constructed during the reign of Sultan Abdülmecid. There are the mausoleums
(türbe) of Murad III, Mehmed III, Sultan Selim II and princes in the southern
courtyard of Hagia Sophia. The building that served as a baptistery in the
Byzantine era was converted into the mausoleum of Sultan Mustafa I and Sultan İbrahim.
It is known that Sultan Mehmed II built a religious school (medrese) to the
north of it, after converting Hagia Sophia into a mosque.
Hagia Sophia was converted into a museum in November 24,
1934, by a Cabinet decision upon the proposal of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, and
opened to visitors on February 1, 1935.
The first church was built by the Emperor
Constantius II (337-361), son of Emperor Constantine I (324-337), in 360. This
church was constructed as a basilica with a wooden roof. In 404, during the
riots against Emperor Arcadius, it was partially burned and destroyed.
The second church was ordered by Emperor Theodosius II
(408-450) and built by architect Ruffinos in 415. This church is also
constructed as a basilica with a wooden roof, 5 naves, 3 gates and a monumental
entrance. The second Hagia Sophia was burned down in 532, during the riots
called Nika Revolt against Emperor Justinian I (527-565).
The current Hagia Sophia was built by the two then
prominent architects, Isidore of Miletus (Milet) and Anthemius of Tralles
(Aydın), by the order of Emperor Justinian I. The construction that lasted 5
years long began on February 23, 532, 1000 masters and 10,000 workers were
employed and the church was inaugurated on December 27, 537.
The ceiling mosaics decorated with floral and geometric
motifs are the original ones made in the 6th century, but other mosaics with
depictions were made after the ending of the iconoclast movement.
After the conquest of İstanbul in 1453 by Sultan Mehmed
II the Conqueror (Fatih), Hagia Sophia was converted into a mosque. According
to some historical documents, the church was in ruins. However, after the
conquest, not only it has not been destroyed, but it has also been preserved in
the best manner since the present day, thanks to strengthening and renovation
works. Furthermore, with the addition of structures in Ottoman style, the
building continued to be a sacred space and a place for worship.
In the 16th and 17th centuries, the minbar, the mihrab,
daises for sermon and wood balusters were added to the interior. During the
reign of Sultan Mahmud I, a library was built. The tiles here are among the
distinguished examples dating from the 16th century.
Minarets were erected in different periods, Sultan Mahmud
I built a fountain for religious ablutions (şadırvan) and a primary school in
the courtyard of Hagia Sophia, and a timekeeper's building (muvakkithane) was
constructed during the reign of Sultan Abdülmecid. There are the mausoleums
(türbe) of Murad III, Mehmed III, Sultan Selim II and princes in the southern
courtyard of Hagia Sophia. The building that served as a baptistery in the
Byzantine era was converted into the mausoleum of Sultan Mustafa I and Sultan
İbrahim. It is known that Sultan Mehmed II built a religious school (medrese)
to the north of it, after converting Hagia Sophia into a mosque.
Hagia Sophia was converted into a museum in November 24,
1934, by a Cabinet decision upon the proposal of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, and
opened to visitors on February 1, 1935.
